Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

What is Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)?

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological condition that causes an irresistible urge to move the legs, usually due to uncomfortable sensations. These symptoms often occur in the evening or at night, especially during periods of rest.

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What does RLS feel like?

People with RLS often describe the sensations as:

• Tingling, creeping, crawling, or itching

• Aching or throbbing

• A strong urge to move the legs to relieve discomfort

These symptoms are typically worse at night and can interfere with sleep.

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What causes RLS?

The exact cause is not fully understood, but factors include:

• Genetics: Often runs in families

• Iron deficiency (even without anemia)

• Chronic diseases: Kidney failure, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease

• Pregnancy, especially in the third trimester

• Certain medications: Antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics

• Nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy)

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Is RLS a serious condition?

While RLS is not life-threatening, it can significantly affect quality of life, leading to:

• Insomnia or poor sleep quality

• Daytime fatigue

• Anxiety or depression

• Difficulty with travel or sitting still for extended periods

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How is RLS diagnosed?

There’s no single test for RLS. Diagnosis is based on:

• Medical history and symptoms

• Physical and neurological exams

• Blood tests, especially to check iron levels

• Ruling out other conditions (e.g., peripheral neuropathy or arthritis)

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Can RLS be treated?

Yes. Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause:

• Iron supplements, if deficient

• Lifestyle changes (see below)

• Medications, such as:

  • Dopamine agonists (e.g., pramipexole, ropinirole)

  • Anti-seizure medications (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin)

  • Benzodiazepines or opioids in severe cases

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What lifestyle changes help with RLS?

• Maintain regular sleep patterns

• Limit caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine

• Exercise moderately (avoid intense workouts before bedtime)

• Use leg massages, warm baths, or heating pads

• Practice stress-reduction techniques (e.g., yoga, meditation)

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Is RLS linked to other sleep disorders?

Yes. RLS is commonly associated with periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) and insomnia. Treating RLS often improves overall sleep quality.

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When should I see a doctor about RLS?

Consult your healthcare provider if:

• Symptoms disrupt your sleep or daily life

• Symptoms worsen over time

• You have a known condition like iron deficiency or kidney disease

• Over-the-counter remedies no longer work